After enjoying Eric's informative presentation, students were asked to write detailed paragraphs about key concepts in our study of Earth's history. Please enjoy student work below!
The Rock Cycle
By Natasha, Sabrina, Sofia, Sarah, and Zoumi
The three types of rocks are: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed by cooling magma or lava. They contain large or small crystals depending on cooling time. Sedimentary rocks are formed by deposited sediment, and generally have clearly visible layers. Metamorphic rocks are basically changed rocks. They are morphed by heat and pressure. Every type of rock can change into another type of rock.
Sedimentary Rocks
By Dan, Chase, Allison and Maria
Sedimentary rocks are rocks that generally have visible layers. They are formed by deposited sediment. Some examples of where you can find them are mudflats, beaches, the sea floor, sand dunes, across a mountain valley and swamps. Sediment is deposited, then compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rocks, this usually makes visible layers. Sedimentary rocks rock!
Deposition
By Jacob, Zoumi and Maya
Deposition is the first step to a sedimentary rock. It is the process of the sediment moving with water or with mud. It’s when the sediment settles down on the other sediment and rocks. Then it’s compacted and cemented to become a sedimentary rock. So deposition is the settling of sediment. Deposition can happen anywhere there are rocks and some form of water or mud. Sediment could be moving down a stream, in the ocean, or even through a waterfall!
Compaction
By Annabel, Isaac, Adrian, and Quinlon
Compaction is when sediment, a rock or multiple rocks are squished together. A type of compaction is when sedimentary rocks or soils are set on top of each other and all of the weight compacts the rocks or soils into one. Think of a a garbage compactor crushing garbage down into a smaller form.
Cementation
By Justin, Lilly, Kaylin and Erin
Cementation is when sediments get stuck to each other and crushed to each other. Sometimes this can form crystals. When they are crushed together, different layers are formed. Cementation is when sediments are “glued” together to form rock.
Metamorphic Rocks
By: Bridget, Jared P, Lily M and Solomon
Metamorphic rocks are “changed” rocks. They are morphed by heat and pressure. Metamorphic rocks are made when rocks are buried in the crust where it is hot. The heat from the ground added to the pressure from other rocks helps create a new metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rocks are part of the three rocks in the rock cycle. In our opinion, metamorphic rocks are the most interesting rocks because they can be made of any kind of rock.
Geologist’s tools By Hannah, Luke, Nina, Lelan
When a geologist goes out to do field work there are many tools he or she must bring including:
A chisel (for chipping the rocks), a Brunton Compass (for keeping track of your location), a hammer (to break the rock and collect samples) a belt to hold everything, a field book (to record every rock you come across and other observation), an altimeter (which tells the elevation above sea level), a special ruler to show orientation on a map, maps (to mark where you are), and colored pencils (to color code rocks).
We enjoyed getting to see the tools of a geologist today!
Strata
By Andrew, Sten, Patrick, Caleb
Strata are all the exposed layers of a sedimentary rock. Strata are developed when sediment is deposited and compressed into a rock. Most of the time, strata is not visible from the outside of the rock. Usually you have to expose a part with a hammer and chisel. A layer is one of the parts of the strata, as strata are built of layers.
Sandstone
By: John and Devin
Sandstone is a very interesting rock. Sandstone is made when sand and sediment are deposited. Sandstone will not react to acid; also, there are very many types. In the Grand Canyon there are many layers of sandstone. This week we observed samples of sandstone during science.
Limestone
By Trifon, Alexa, Autumn, and Cam
Limestone is made in salt water only. Because of this sometimes shells and fins and rocks and other sea creature parts are in limestone. Limestone contains calcium which means when you put acid on it the limestone fizzes up. It can also form around an island. If limestone is morphed it will become marble. People use it for statues and even fertilizer.
Acid Test
By Maxwell, Meredith, Christopher, and Stephany
When you are doing an acid test you are testing for a reaction with the rock samples. If it foams or gets a bit bubbly where you put the acid, the rock contains calcite. The acid we used for the test this week is called hydrochloric acid. When we did an acid test in science class we learned that limestone rocks had calcite while the sandstone and shale didn’t.
Scientific Method
By Ben, Lauren and Cooper
The scientific method is what scientists use to correctly do an experiment. The scientific method is made of six parts: making observations, asking questions, forming a hypothesis, making a procedure and doing tests, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Scientists use this method to correctly to a test. In class we learned a song called “The Scientific Method” to help us remember all the steps.
